{"id":15925,"date":"2019-10-06T10:02:23","date_gmt":"2019-10-06T15:02:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/satodayscatholic.org\/?p=15925"},"modified":"2019-10-10T10:04:38","modified_gmt":"2019-10-10T15:04:38","slug":"memento-mori-how-religious-orders-remember-death","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/satodayscatholic.org\/memento-mori-how-religious-orders-remember-death\/","title":{"rendered":"Memento mori – How religious orders remember death"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

(CNA) — There\u2019s an old Latin phrase that\u2019s suddenly new again — at least in the\nrealm of Catholic Twitter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The phrase, and practice, has\ncaught on, and a quick Twitter search of #mementomori now reveals hundreds of\nresults.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But even before nuns and\nCatholic millennials were tweeting about the skulls on their desks, religious\norders have been \u201cmemento mori\u201d-ing for centuries. Here\u2019s how various religious\norders have kept their mortality in mind throughout the ages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Origins of the phrase<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to legend, the phrase\n\u201cmemento mori\u201d may have originated with the Roman empire. Allegedly, when\nvictorious Roman generals returned from battle, in the midst of their\nfestivities, a slave or another low-ranking citizen would follow them around\nand whisper \u201cmemento mori,\u201d or some other reminder that their earthly glory was\ntemporary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Even before the Roman empire,\nmeditation on death and the last things was a common practice of ancient\nphilosophers like Plato, who once said that philosophy was \u201cabout nothing else\nbut dying and being dead.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The phrase and the practice was\nthen incorporated into medieval Christianity — death was especially poignant\nas the plague spread throughout Europe and Asia, killing millions of people\nwithin the span of just a few years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cMemento mori\u201d was such a\npopular religious theme in this period that it inspired a genre of art, music\nand literature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\nMemento mori\nmyths and the Brothers of the Dead<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the most common myths\nsurrounding \u201cmemento mori\u201d is that the phrase is used by monks, particularly\nthe famously-ascetic Trappist monks, as a form of greeting among brothers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Father Timothy Scott, a\nTrappist brother and priest, said that this myth originated with a now-obsolete\norder of French monks called \u201cThe Order of the Hermits of Saint Paul,\u201d who came\nto be known as the \u201cBrothers of the Dead.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to \u201cLa Sombre\nTrappe,\u201d by Father M. Anselme Dimier, this order \u201cpushed its tastes for the\nmacabre to the extreme,\u201d wearing scapulars with skulls and crossbones, and\nkissing a skull at the foot of the cross before each meal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The words \u201cMemento Mori\u201d were\nfound on the seal of the order alongside a skull and crossbones, and skulls\nwere prominently displayed in most parts of the monastery, including in each\nbrother\u2019s cell.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brothers of this order were\nalso known for greeting each other with \u201cThink of death, dear brother,\u201d and\nrumors have spread that the Trappists adopted this tradition, even after the\nBrothers of the Dead were suppressed by Pope Urban VIII in 1633.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIn no period of the Order\u2019s\nhistory, in no Trappist monastery, have these words been in usage; the brothers\ngreet one another in silence, as in the early days of the Order of Citeaux,\u201d\nDimier wrote.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Father Scott confirmed that a\nsilent greeting \u201cis the constant tradition and practice of the Order.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How Trappists \u201cmemento mori\u201d<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trappists are a branch of\nCistercian monks, a reformed branch of the Benedictines, who desired to live\nthe Rule of St. Benedict more authentically.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But while Trappist brothers\ndon\u2019t use \u201cmemento mori\u201d as a greeting, other reminders of death have been\npresent in the Trappist order, particularly in older monasteries, Father Scott\nsaid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his book A Time to Keep Silence,<\/em> Patrick Leigh\nFermor recalls these symbols of death, particularly present in Trappist\nmonasteries during the 18th and 19th century.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cSymbols of death and\ndissolution confronted the eye at every turn, and in the refectory the\nbeckoning torso of a painted skeleton, equipped with an hourglass and a scythe,\nleant, with the terrifying archness of a forgotten guest, across the coping of\na wall on which were inscribed the words: \u2018Tonight perhaps?\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Father Scott added that he has\nheard of several other monasteries with various \u201cmemento mori\u201d traditions, such\nas the monastery of la Val Sainte in Switzerland, which kept a white-wood cross\nand a skull in the middle of the refectory, or dining hall. Another Trappist\nmonastery in France had the words \u201cHodie mihi, cras tibi\u201d (Today I die,\ntomorrow it will be you) written above the door leading to the cemetery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These skulls, inscriptions, and\nthe various prayers for the dead help the brothers \u201cto keep in mind that our\ntime on this earth is limited and what we do now matters for eternity,\u201d Father Scott\nsaid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe will be accountable one day\nbefore God for all that we do. It makes no sense to waste the precious time\nthat has been allotted to us. We must use it to do good and to love others\nnow.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHowever, the theme of memento\nmori, remembrance of death, needs to be set within the larger theme of the\nmemory or mindfulness of God,\u201d he added. \u201cThe monastic life is oriented\nprimarily toward cultivating a living relationship with the persons of the\nTrinity, Father, Son and Holy Spirit, who have been revealed to us in the Son,\nJesus Christ, and who, through his passion, death, and resurrection have called\nus to full communion and fellowship with them now and in eternity.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The bone churches of Europe<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Several orders of monks,\nincluding the Capuchins, Franciscans, and the Cistercians, are also known for\nhaving built churches or crypts decorated almost exclusively with the remains\nof their forebearers, a stark \u201cmemento mori\u201d for any visitors to these sites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the best-known such\nchurches, sometimes called an Ossuary, is the Capuchin crypt beneath the church\nof Santa Maria della Concezione dei Cappuccini on the Via Veneto in Rome,\nItaly, which includes six chapels, five of which are covered in the skeletal\nremains of Capuchin friars of yesteryear.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The crypt was built in the\n1630s, when Pope Urban VIII ordered some Capuchin friars to set up residency at\nthe Church, and asked that they bring the remains of their bygone brothers with\nthem, so that they would not be abandoned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In total, an estimated 4,000\nskeletons, from friars deceased between the 1520s – 1870s, decorate the insides\nof the various chapels. The various crypts include a crypt of the resurrection,\na crypt of skulls, a crypt of leg and thigh bones, and a crypt of pelvises. A\nplaque in on display in the crypt reads: \u201cWhat you are now, we once were; what\nwe are now, you shall be.\u201d  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Allegedly, this Roman ossuary\ninspired a similar \u201cBone Church\u201d in Prague, in the Czech Republic. There, the\nSedlec Ossuary, built by Cistercian monks, is decorated with the remains of an\nestimated 40,000 people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The reason for the large number\nof remains dates back to the 1200s, when a Cistercian monk returned from a\npilgrimage to the Holy Land, where he brought back dirt from Golgatha, the hill\nwhere Christ was crucified, and sprinkled that dirt in the cemetery at the\nmonastery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As word of this holy dirt\nspread, the cemetery became a popular place in which to buried. By the time the\nplague hit, the number of people requesting burial in the cemetery became so\ngreat that the monks began exhuming the bones, storing them in the church, and\nusing them for interior decoration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Church has been restored\nseveral times and is no longer in possession of the Cistercian order, but the\npopular site receives thousands of visitors annually.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A third popular \u201cBone Church\u201d\nis the Capela dos Ossos, in \u00c9vora, Portugal, next to the Church of St. Francis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Built by a Franciscan in the\n16th century, the chapel has similar origins to the Czech Ossuary, in that it\nbecame a creative way to store the bones contained in cemeteries running out of\nroom to house remains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reportedly, the monk also\nbelieved that the Church could be a force for the Counter-Reformation, and a\ngood place for Catholics of the area to come and remember their mortality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like the Roman ossuary, the\nbone church in Portugal has several \u201cmemento mori\u201d themed inscriptions,\nincluding Ecclesiastes 7:1 \u201cA good name is better than good ointment, and the\nday of death than the day of birth.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\nDominicans –\nthe best order in which to die<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

For Dominican friars, their\n\u201cmemento mori\u201d comes every day when they recite prayers for the dead, said Fr.\nAquinas Guilbeau, professor of moral theology for the Pontifical Faculty of the\nImmaculate Conception at the Dominican House of Studies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Dominicans pray for the\ndead so frequently that it\u2019s become part of a joke, he told CNA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThere are many reasons you\nwant to live in the other orders — the Benedictines, the Franciscans, the\nJesuits – but out of all of them, you want to die with the Dominicans, because\nwe constantly pray for the dead,\u201d he said.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Whenever a Dominican friar\ndies, all the priests in his province celebrate a Mass for him. The order also\nprays what is called the \u201cDe Profundis\u201d — a daily prayer, typically before a\nmain meal, that includes praying Psalm 130 in remembrance of all of the men of\nthe province whose death anniversary is on that day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dominicans also celebrate an\nadditional \u201cAll Saints Day\u201d and \u201cAll Souls Day\u201d — they celebrate these feasts\nwith the Church on Nov. 1 and 2, but then they celebrate a second round of\nthese feasts on Nov. 7 and 8, particularly praying for the Dominican saints and\nsouls.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIn terms of praying daily for\nthe dead, it is a constant reminder of our own mortality, that heaven and\neternal life is the goal, and it\u2019s also a reminder that death is something that\nwe all face,\u201d Guilbeau said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen we die, we go alone,\nthere\u2019s no one who accompanies us in that at that moment. But by praying for\nthose who have gone before us in death, we get a sense of that union and\ncommunity that endures into the next life, and insofar as we aid the dead by\nour prayers, they\u2019re waiting for us and aiding us by their prayers. It\u2019s a\ndaily reminder of the common prayer that we have for each other.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIn terms of…sleeping in our\ncoffin or having skulls on the desk, we don\u2019t do that,\u201d Guilbeau said, but he\nadded that the black cape that Dominicans wear is meant to serve as a physical\n\u201cmemento mori\u201d for the order.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The daily reminder of death\nisn\u2019t something \u201cmacabre or depressing,\u201d Guilbeau added, \u201cbut it\u2019s something\nhopeful and joyful, that this veil of tears is not the end of our existence,\nit\u2019s not the goal.\u201d  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIf we live in the love of Jesus Christ and we live in the light of the Holy Spirit, there\u2019s constant preparation and help and grace and strength for that moment when we pass from this life to the next,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Therefore, for the saint, death\nisn\u2019t something to be feared, but welcomed and embraced like a sibling,\nGuilbeau said, recalling the words of St. Francis who once wrote in his\n\u201cCanticle of the Sun\u201d: \u201cPraised be You, my Lord through Sister Death, from whom\nno-one living can escape. Woe to those who die in mortal sin! Blessed are they\nShe finds doing Your Will.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(CNA) — There\u2019s an old Latin phrase that\u2019s suddenly new again — at least in the realm of Catholic Twitter. The phrase, and practice, has caught on, and a quick Twitter search of #mementomori now reveals hundreds of results. But even before nuns and Catholic millennials were tweeting about the skulls on their desks, religious […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":15926,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[153],"tags":[395,1236,1234,1235],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMemento mori - How religious orders remember death -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"#iamTodaysCatholic\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/satodayscatholic.org\/memento-mori-how-religious-orders-remember-death\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Memento mori - How religious orders remember death -\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"#iamTodaysCatholic\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/satodayscatholic.org\/memento-mori-how-religious-orders-remember-death\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/TodaysCatholic\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/TodaysCatholic\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-10-06T15:02:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-10-10T15:04:38+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/satodayscatholic.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/memori.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"760\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"507\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Today's Catholic Newspaper\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@satodaycatholic\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@satodaycatholic\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Today's Catholic Newspaper\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/satodayscatholic.org\/memento-mori-how-religious-orders-remember-death\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/satodayscatholic.org\/memento-mori-how-religious-orders-remember-death\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Today's Catholic Newspaper\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/satodayscatholic.org\/#\/schema\/person\/038e709c4a32b42a37e4ae51891aeff5\"},\"headline\":\"Memento mori – How religious orders remember death\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-10-06T15:02:23+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2019-10-10T15:04:38+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/satodayscatholic.org\/memento-mori-how-religious-orders-remember-death\/\"},\"wordCount\":1854,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/satodayscatholic.org\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/satodayscatholic.org\/memento-mori-how-religious-orders-remember-death\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/satodayscatholic.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/memori.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"CNA\",\"Latin\",\"mememto mori\",\"religious\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Today's Catholic\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/satodayscatholic.org\/memento-mori-how-religious-orders-remember-death\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/satodayscatholic.org\/memento-mori-how-religious-orders-remember-death\/\",\"name\":\"Memento mori - 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